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HM Bark ''Endeavour'' Replica is a replica of , the bark commanded by Lieutenant James Cook when he charted New Zealand and discovered the eastern coast of Australia. The idea of recreating ''Endeavour'' for use as a museum ship was generated during the establishment of the Australian National Maritime Museum in the 1980s; the vessel would be funded by the Bond Corporation, and gifted to the nation on completion. A specialist shipyard, complete with viewing platform and guided tours for the public, was set up, and construction of the vessel commenced in 1988. Two years later, work stopped because the Bond Corporation hit financial trouble; a Japanese company, the Yoshiya Corporation, stepped in, but was also forced to withdraw support because of financial problems. Volunteers maintained the incomplete vessel until the HM Bark Endeavour Foundation was established as a charitable trust in 1991. The ''Endeavour'' replica was launched at the end of 1993, and completed in 1994. After sea trials, the replica sailed from Fremantle to Sydney, where she arrived at the end of 1994. During 1995, the ship recreated Cook's voyage along eastern Australia, then visited New Zealand at the end of the year. In late 1996, the ''Endeavour'' replica set out on a circumnavigation of the world, visiting ports in South Africa, the United Kingdom, and North America, before returning to New Zealand in late 1999. The vessel returned to Sydney in mid-2000. In 2001, the replica was used for filming of the BBC documentary ''The Ship'', then sailed to England in 2002. She spent the next two years visiting ports in the United Kingdom and Europe, before sailing back to Sydney in 2005, completing a second round-the-world voyage. On arrival in Australia, the HM Bark Endeavour Foundation transferred ownership of the vessel to the Australian National Maritime Museum. During 2011 and 2012, the replica circumnavigated Australia. ==Construction== The idea of building a replica of ''Endeavour'' was first mooted by the trustees of the under-construction Australian National Maritime Museum.〔Coombes, ''Tall Ships'', p. 36〕 The vessel would serve as the centrepiece of the museum ship fleet.〔Coombes, ''Tall Ships'', p. 37〕 Funding for construction was provided by the Bond Corporation, with the completed replica to be presented as the company's gift to Australia for the nation's bicentenary.〔 Construction was organised through a subsidiary company, Endeavour Replica Pty Ltd.〔 A specialist shipyard was established at Fremantle Fishing Boat Harbour; a viewing gallery allowed visitors to observe the replica's construction, and volunteer guides ran tours through the shipyard.〔 Recreation of the vessel was not problematic, as the original ''Endeavour'' had been surveyed multiple times by the Royal Navy, particularly during her conversion from a cargo collier to a ship of exploration, and these records had been retained by the British National Maritime Museum.〔〔 Construction of the vessel started in January 1988, with the keel laid in October.〔 In 1990, Bond Corporation was forced to stop work on the project because of financial difficulties.〔 The Japanese Yoshiya Corporation joined the project, but withdrew six months later, again, because of financial problems.〔Cawood, ''Building history''〕〔Coombes, ''Tall Ships'', pp. 37–38〕 The volunteer complement were able to keep the shipyard ticking over for another eight months.〔Coombes, ''Tall Ships'', p. 38〕 In order to complete and operate the vessel, the HM Bark Endeavour Foundation was set up as a charitable trust in August 1991, with the Bond and Yoshiya Corporations donating their equity in the project.〔 A combination of funding from the Australian government, loans, and donations allowed work on the ship to continue.〔Courtney ''Endeavour not all plain sailing''〕 The ''Endeavour'' replica was launched on 9 December 1993, and completed on 16 April 1994.〔 The ''Endeavour'' replica was assembled using traditional shipbuilding methods and materials where possible, although some changes were made to meet modern safety standards and enhance the longevity of the replica.〔Staff Contributors, ''Endeavour sails home'', p. 6〕〔 The vessel's hull is built from jarrah, with Oregon pine also used above the waterline: although oak and elm were used in the original ship, the decision was made not to use these as they were more susceptible to rotting.〔〔''The Endeavour'', in ''The Nelson Mail''〕 Although some of the wood was fresh-cut, much of it was salvaged from demolished buildings and bridges, or taken from trees felled during construction work or storms.〔 The ''Endeavour'' replica is square-rigged with 25 sails made from duradon, giving a sail area of between , including of studding sails.〔〔〔Schäuffelen, ''Chapman Great Sailing Ships Of The World'', p. 8〕 The ship is long from bowsprit to stern, has a beam of , a draught of , and a mainmast height of .〔〔Coombes, ''Tall Ships'', pp. 38–39〕 Auxiliary propulsion is provided by two Caterpillar 3046 B diesel engines, which provide .〔 Most of the "20th century" equipment, including the diesel engines, a powered galley, and navigational equipment, is sited in what was the hold on the original ''Endeavour'', keeping the upper decks in their 18th century condition.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HM Bark Endeavour Replica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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